Dr. Carol McDonough is Professor of Economics at University of Massachusetts Lowell. Her areas of specialization are microeconomics and U.S. economic history. She has researched, written papers and published in the field of telecommunications for about twenty years. Recently she completed a $750,000 grant from the U.S. Department of Commerce to research the determinants of broadband adoption in the United States. She is currently researching the digital divide affecting older adults, surveying older adults about the depth and breadth of their internet use, or reasons for unuse or nonuse. She is also President of the Massachusetts Society of Professors Lowell.